Ni bangahe bahanga mu bumenyi bwo gupima kugirango bahindure itara rya LED? Ku bashakashatsi bo mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge n’ikoranabuhanga (NIST) muri Amerika, iyi mibare ni kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibyo yari imaze ibyumweru bike bishize. Muri kamena, NIST yatangiye gutanga serivisi yihuse, yukuri, kandi izigama abakozi kugirango isuzume urumuri rwamatara ya LED nibindi bicuruzwa bimurika cyane. Abakiriya biyi serivisi barimo LED ikora urumuri nizindi laboratoire. Kurugero, itara ryahinduwe rishobora kwemeza ko 60 watt ihwanye na LED itara kumeza kumeza ihwanye na watt 60, cyangwa kwemeza ko umuderevu windege yintambara afite amatara akwiye.

Abakora LED bakeneye kumenya neza ko amatara bakora akora neza nkuko yabugenewe. Kugirango ubigereho, koresha amatara hamwe na fotometer, nigikoresho gishobora gupima umucyo muburebure bwumurongo wose mugihe uzirikana ibyiyumvo bisanzwe byijisho ryumuntu kumabara atandukanye. Laboratoire ya NIST imaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yujuje ibyifuzo byinganda itanga urumuri rwa LED hamwe na serivisi ya kalibibasi. Iyi serivisi ikubiyemo gupima urumuri rwa LED rwumukiriya nandi matara akomeye ya leta, kimwe no guhitamo fotometero yumukiriya. Kugeza ubu, laboratoire ya NIST yapimye urumuri rwinshi kandi rudashidikanywaho, hamwe n'ikosa riri hagati ya 0.5% na 1.0%, ibyo bikaba bigereranywa na serivisi rusange yo guhitamo.
Noneho, tubikesha ivugurura rya laboratoire, itsinda rya NIST ryikubye inshuro eshatu gushidikanya kuri 0.2% cyangwa munsi. Ibi byagezweho bituma urumuri rushya rwa LED hamwe na Calibibasi ya fotometer imwe muribyiza kwisi. Abahanga nabo bagabanije cyane igihe cyo guhitamo. Muri sisitemu ishaje, gukora kalibrasi kubakiriya byatwara umunsi wose. Umushakashatsi wa NIST, Cameron Miller, yatangaje ko imirimo myinshi ikoreshwa mu gushyiraho ibipimo byose, gusimbuza inkomoko cyangwa urumuri, kugenzura intoki hagati y’ibiri, hanyuma ukongera ugashakisha ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaha.
Ariko ubu, laboratoire igizwe nameza abiri yibikoresho byikora, imwe kumasoko yumucyo indi ya detector. Imbonerahamwe igenda kuri sisitemu yumurongo igashyira detector ahantu hose kuva kuri metero 0 kugeza kuri 5 uvuye kumucyo. Intera irashobora kugenzurwa mubice 50 kuri miriyoni imwe (micrometero), hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyubugari bwimisatsi yabantu. Zong na Miller barashobora guteganya imbonerahamwe yo kwimuka ugereranije hagati yabo bitabaye ngombwa ko abantu bakomeza gutabarwa. Kera byafataga umunsi, ariko ubu birashobora kurangira mumasaha make. Ntibikiri ngombwa gusimbuza ibikoresho ibyo aribyo byose, ibintu byose birahari kandi birashobora gukoreshwa umwanya uwariwo wose, bigaha abashakashatsi umudendezo mwinshi wo gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe kuko byikora rwose.
Urashobora gusubira mu biro gukora indi mirimo mugihe ikora. Abashakashatsi ba NIST bavuga ko abakiriya bazaguka kuko laboratoire yongeyeho ibintu byinshi byiyongera. Kurugero, igikoresho gishya kirashobora guhinduranya kamera ya hyperspectral, ipima uburebure bwumucyo mwinshi kuruta kamera zisanzwe zifata amabara atatu kugeza ane. Kuva amashusho yubuvuzi kugeza gusesengura amashusho ya satelite yisi, kamera ya hyperspectral iragenda ikundwa cyane. Amakuru yatanzwe na kamera ya hyperspectral yerekana ikirere kijyanye nikirere n’ibimera by’isi bifasha abahanga guhanura inzara n’umwuzure, kandi birashobora gufasha abaturage mugutegura ubutabazi n’ibiza. Laboratoire nshya irashobora kandi koroshya kandi ikora neza kubashakashatsi kugirango berekane ibyerekanwa bya terefone, kimwe na TV na mudasobwa.

Intera ikwiye
Kugirango uhindure fotometero yumukiriya, Abahanga muri NIST bakoresha umurongo mugari wumucyo kugirango bamurikire disiketi, cyane cyane urumuri rwera rufite uburebure bwinshi (amabara), kandi umucyo wacyo urasobanutse neza kuko ibipimo bikozwe hifashishijwe amafoto asanzwe ya NIST. Bitandukanye na laseri, ubu bwoko bwurumuri rwera ntaho buhuriye, bivuze ko urumuri rwose rwuburebure butandukanye rutagereranijwe hamwe. Mubihe byiza, kubipimo nyabyo, abashakashatsi bazakoresha lazeri ihindagurika kugirango batange urumuri hamwe nuburebure bwumurongo ushobora kugenzurwa, kuburyo uburebure bwumucyo umwe gusa bwaka kuri detekeri icyarimwe. Gukoresha laseri ihindagurika byongera ibimenyetso-by-urusaku rwo gupima.
Nyamara, mubihe byashize, lazeri ishobora guhinduka ntishobora gukoreshwa kugirango ihindure fotometero kuko lazeri imwe yumurambararo yivanze ubwabo muburyo bwongeramo urusaku rutandukanye kubimenyetso bishingiye ku burebure bwakoreshejwe. Mu rwego rwo kunoza laboratoire, Zong yakoze igishushanyo mbonera cya fotometer igabanya uru rusaku kurwego ruto. Ibi bituma bishoboka gukoresha lazeri ikosorwa kunshuro yambere kugirango uhindure fotometero hamwe nibintu bitazwi neza. Inyungu yinyongera yubushakashatsi bushya nuko yorohereza ibikoresho byo kumurika byoroshye gusukura, kuko aperture nziza cyane irinzwe inyuma yidirishya ryikirahure gifunze. Ibipimo byimbaraga bisaba ubumenyi nyabwo bwerekana intera iri kure yumucyo.
Kugeza ubu, kimwe na laboratoire nyinshi zifotora, laboratoire ya NIST ntabwo ifite uburyo bunoze bwo gupima intera. Ibi ni bimwe kubera ko aperture ya detector, inyuzwamo urumuri, iroroshye cyane kuburyo idashobora gukorwaho nigikoresho cyo gupima. Igisubizo rusange ni kubashakashatsi kubanza gupima kumurika ryumucyo no kumurika ubuso hamwe nakarere runaka. Ibikurikira, koresha aya makuru kugirango umenye intera ukoresheje amategeko aringaniye, asobanura uburyo ubukana bwumucyo bugabanuka cyane hamwe nintera yiyongera. Ibipimo byintambwe ebyiri ntabwo byoroshye kubishyira mubikorwa kandi bitangiza ukundi gushidikanya. Hamwe na sisitemu nshya, itsinda rishobora noneho kureka uburyo bwa kare butandukanye kandi rikagena intera.
Ubu buryo bukoresha kamera ishingiye kuri microscope, hamwe na microscope yicaye kumurongo wumucyo kandi yibanda kubimenyetso byerekana umwanya kuri detector. Microscope ya kabiri iherereye kumurongo wa detector kandi yibanda kumyanya yumwanya kumurongo wumucyo. Menya intera uhindura aperture ya detector hamwe nu mwanya wurumuri rwumucyo kugirango wibande kuri microscopes zabo. Microscopes yunvikana cyane kuri defocusing, kandi irashobora kumenya na micrometero nkeya. Ibipimo bishya byapima kandi bifasha abashakashatsi gupima "ubukana nyabwo" bwa LED, numubare utandukanye werekana ko ingano yumucyo utangwa na LED idashingiye ku ntera.
Usibye ibi bintu bishya, abahanga ba NIST bongeyeho ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe, nkigikoresho cyitwa goniometero gishobora kuzenguruka amatara ya LED kugirango bapime urumuri rusohoka mu mpande zitandukanye. Mu mezi ari imbere, Miller na Zong bizeye gukoresha spekitifotometero kuri serivisi nshya: gupima ultraviolet (UV) ibisohoka bya LED. Ibishobora gukoreshwa na LED mukubyara imirasire ya ultraviolet harimo kurasa ibiryo kugirango byongere ubuzima bwayo, ndetse no kwanduza amazi nibikoresho byubuvuzi. Ubusanzwe, imirasire yubucuruzi ikoresha urumuri ultraviolet rutangwa namatara ya mercure.