Imbere ya GaP na GaAsP homojunction itukura, umuhondo, nicyatsi kibisi gifite urumuri ruto rwa LED mu myaka ya za 70 rwashyizwe kumatara yerekana, ibyuma byerekana ibyanditswe. Kuva icyo gihe, LED yatangiye kwinjira mubikorwa bitandukanye, harimo icyogajuru, indege, imodoka, gukoresha inganda, itumanaho, ibicuruzwa byabaguzi, nibindi, bikubiyemo inzego zitandukanye zubukungu bwigihugu ndetse ningo ibihumbi. Kugeza 1996, kugurisha LED kwisi yose byari bigeze kuri miliyari y'amadorari. Nubwo LED yagabanutse kumabara no gukora neza mumyaka myinshi, GaP na GaAsLEDs zagiye zitoneshwa nabakoresha kubera igihe kirekire cyo kubaho, kwizerwa cyane, imikorere mike, guhuza na TTL na CMOS ya sisitemu, nibindi byiza byinshi.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, umucyo mwinshi n'amabara yuzuye byabaye ingingo zambere mubushakashatsi bwibikoresho bya LED hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho. Umucyo mwinshi cyane (UHB) bivuga LED ifite ubukana bwa 100mcd cyangwa irenga, izwi kandi nka Candela (cd) urwego LED. Iterambere ryiterambere ryumucyo mwinshi A1GaInP na InGaNFED ryihuta cyane, kandi ubu rigeze kurwego rwimikorere ibikoresho bisanzwe GaA1As, GaAsP, na GaP bidashobora kugeraho. Mu 1991, Toshiba yo mu Buyapani na HP yo muri Amerika yateje imbere InGaA1P620nm orange ultra-high brightlight LED, naho mu 1992, InGaA1P590nm umuhondo ultra-high light LED yakoreshejwe muburyo bufatika. Muri uwo mwaka, Toshiba yateje imbere InGaA1P573nm yumuhondo icyatsi kibisi ultra-high bright LED ifite urumuri rusanzwe rwa 2cd. Mu 1994, Ubuyapani Nichia Corporation bwateje imbere InGaN450nm ubururu (icyatsi) ultra-high light LED. Kuri ubu, amabara atatu yibanze asabwa kugirango yerekane amabara, umutuku, icyatsi, ubururu, kimwe na LED n’umuhondo n’umuhondo, byose byageze ku rwego rwa Candela urumuri rwinshi, bigera ku mucyo mwinshi cyane no kwerekana amabara yuzuye, bigatuma hanze yuzuye- ibara ryerekana urumuri rutanga urumuri. Iterambere rya LED mu gihugu cyacu ryatangiye mu myaka ya za 70, kandi inganda zagaragaye mu myaka ya za 1980. Mu gihugu hose hari ibigo birenga 100, hamwe 95% byabakora bakora ibicuruzwa byo gupakira ibicuruzwa, kandi hafi ya byose bisabwa biva hanze. Binyuze muri “Gahunda yimyaka itanu” yo guhindura ikoranabuhanga, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga, kwinjiza ibikoresho by’amahanga bigezweho ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye, ikoranabuhanga rya LED mu Bushinwa ryateye intambwe.
1 、 Imikorere yumucyo mwinshi cyane LED:
Ugereranije na GaAsP GaPLED, ultra-high-brightness itukura A1GaAsLED ifite imikorere yumucyo mwinshi, kandi imikorere yumucyo yo gutandukanya ibintu bigaragara (TS) A1GaAsLED (640nm) yegereye 10lm / w, iruta inshuro 10 kurenza iy'umutuku GaAsP GaPLED. Umucyo mwinshi cyane InGaAlPLED itanga amabara amwe na GaAsP GaPLED, harimo: umuhondo wicyatsi kibisi (560nm), umuhondo wicyatsi kibisi (570nm), umuhondo (585nm), umuhondo werurutse (590nm), orange (605nm), numutuku utukura (625nm) , umutuku wimbitse (640nm)). Ugereranije imikorere yumucyo ya substrate ibonerana A1GaInPLED hamwe nizindi nzego za LED hamwe nisoko yumucyo utagaragara, imikorere yumucyo wa InGaAlPLED ikurura substrate (AS) ni 101m / w, naho imikorere yumucyo (TS) ni 201m / w, ni 10 Inshuro 20 kurenza iya GaAsP GaPLED mu burebure bwa 590-626nm; Muburebure bwumurambararo wa 560-570, iruta inshuro 2-4 kurenza GaAsP GaPLED. Umucyo mwinshi cyane InGaNFED itanga urumuri rwubururu nicyatsi, hamwe nuburebure bwa 450-480nm kubururu, 500nm kubururu-icyatsi, na 520nm kubisi; Imikorere yacyo yamurika ni 3-151m / w. Imikorere ya luminous yubu ya ultra-high-brightness LEDs yarenze iy'amatara yaka hamwe na filteri, kandi irashobora gusimbuza amatara yaka nimbaraga zitarenze watt 1. Byongeye kandi, LED array irashobora gusimbuza amatara yaka umuriro hamwe nimbaraga zitarenga 150 watt. Kuri porogaramu nyinshi, amatara yaka akoresha muyungurura kugirango abone amabara atukura, orange, icyatsi, nubururu, mugihe ukoresheje ultra-high brightness LEDs irashobora kugera kumabara amwe. Mumyaka yashize, ultra-high-light LEDs ikozwe mubikoresho bya AlGaInP na InGaN byahujije byinshi (umutuku, ubururu, icyatsi) ultra-high yaka cyane LED chip hamwe, bituma amabara atandukanye adakeneye kuyungurura. Harimo umutuku, orange, umuhondo, icyatsi, nubururu, imikorere yabo yumucyo yarenze iy'amatara yaka kandi yegereye amatara yimbere ya fluorescent. Umucyo wumucyo urenze 1000mcd, ushobora guhaza ibikenewe hanze yikirere cyose nikirere cyuzuye. LED ibara rya ecran nini irashobora kugereranya ikirere ninyanja, kandi ikagera kuri animasiyo ya 3D. Igisekuru gishya cyumutuku, icyatsi, nubururu ultra-high umucyo LEDs yagezeho itigeze ibaho
2 、 Gukoresha ultra-high brightlight LED:
Ibimenyetso byerekana imodoka: Amatara yerekana imodoka hanze yimodoka ni amatara yicyerekezo, amatara, n'amatara ya feri; Imbere yimodoka ikora cyane cyane kumurika no kwerekana ibikoresho bitandukanye. Ultra high light LED ifite ibyiza byinshi ugereranije namatara gakondo yaka kumatara yerekana ibinyabiziga, kandi ifite isoko ryagutse mubikorwa byimodoka. LED irashobora kwihanganira ihungabana rikomeye hamwe no kunyeganyega. Impuzandengo yubuzima bwakazi MTBF yamatara ya feri ya LED ni ordre nyinshi zubunini burenze ubw'amatara yaka, arenze kure ubuzima bwakazi bwimodoka ubwayo. Kubwibyo, amatara ya feri ya LED arashobora gupakirwa muri rusange utitaye kubitaho. Substarent substrate Al GaAs na AlInGaPLED zifite imbaraga zo kumurika cyane ugereranije n'amatara yaka cyane hamwe nayunguruzo, bituma amatara ya feri ya LED hamwe nibimenyetso byo guhinduranya bikora kumashanyarazi yo hasi, mubisanzwe 1/4 gusa cyamatara yaka, bityo bikagabanya intera imodoka zishobora kugenda. Imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zo hasi zirashobora kandi kugabanya ingano nuburemere bwa sisitemu yimbere yimodoka, mugihe kandi bigabanya izamuka ryimbere ryimbere ryamatara ya LED yerekana ibimenyetso, bigatuma ikoreshwa rya plastiki rifite ubushyuhe buke kuri lens hamwe ninzu. Igihe cyo gusubiza amatara ya feri ya LED ni 100ns, akaba ari mugufi ugereranije n’itara ryaka, hasigara igihe kinini cyo kwitwara kubashoferi no guteza imbere umutekano wo gutwara. Kumurika namabara yamatara yerekana hanze yimodoka asobanuwe neza. Nubwo kwerekana amatara yimbere yimodoka bitagenzurwa ninzego za leta zibishinzwe nkamatara yerekana ibimenyetso byo hanze, abakora imodoka bafite ibisabwa kugirango ibara no kumurika LED. GaPLED imaze igihe kinini ikoreshwa mumodoka, kandi umucyo mwinshi cyane AlGaInP na InGaNFED uzasimbuza amatara menshi yaka mumodoka kubera ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuzuza ibisabwa nababikora mubijyanye namabara no kumurika. Urebye ibiciro, nubwo amatara ya LED aracyahenze ugereranije namatara yaka, nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryibiciro hagati ya sisitemu zombi muri rusange. Hamwe niterambere rifatika ryumucyo mwinshi cyane TSAlGaAs na LEDs ya AlGaInP, ibiciro byagiye bigabanuka mumyaka yashize, kandi ubunini bwikigabanuka buzaba bunini mugihe kizaza.
Ibimenyetso byerekana ibinyabiziga: Gukoresha urumuri rwinshi cyane LED aho gukoresha amatara yaka kumatara yerekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda, amatara yo kuburira, n'amatara yicyapa ubu yakwirakwiriye kwisi yose, hamwe nisoko ryagutse kandi bikenewe cyane. Dukurikije imibare yaturutse muri Minisiteri ishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Amerika mu 1994, muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika hari amasangano 260000, kandi aho buri masangano agomba kuba afite nibura ibimenyetso 12 by’umuhanda bitukura, umuhondo, n’ubururu-icyatsi. Imihanda myinshi kandi ifite ibimenyetso byinzibacyuho byongeweho n'amatara yo kwambukiranya abanyamaguru yo kwambuka umuhanda. Muri ubu buryo, hashobora kuba amatara 20 yumuhanda kuri buri masangano, kandi agomba gucana icyarimwe. Twakwemeza ko muri Amerika hari amatara agera kuri miliyoni 135. Kugeza ubu, gukoresha urumuri rwinshi cyane LEDs kugirango rusimbuze amatara gakondo yaka umuriro byageze ku bisubizo bikomeye mu kugabanya gutakaza amashanyarazi. Ubuyapani bukoresha amashanyarazi agera kuri miliyoni imwe ku mwaka ku matara y’umuhanda, kandi nyuma yo gusimbuza amatara yaka cyane n’urumuri rwinshi cyane LED, gukoresha amashanyarazi ni 12% gusa yumwimerere.
Abayobozi babifitiye ububasha muri buri gihugu bagomba gushyiraho amabwiriza ajyanye n’amatara y’ibimenyetso by’umuhanda, bagaragaza ibara ry’ibimenyetso, ubukana buke bwo kumurika, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ahantu hagaragara, hamwe n’ibisabwa kugira ngo hashyirwemo. Nubwo ibi bisabwa bishingiye kumatara yaka, mubisanzwe arakoreshwa kumurongo ukoreshwa cyane cyane urumuri rwinshi rwa LED amatara yumuhanda. Ugereranije n'amatara yaka, amatara ya LED afite ubuzima burambye bwo gukora, muri rusange kugeza kumyaka 10. Urebye ingaruka z’ibidukikije byo hanze, ubuzima buteganijwe bugomba kugabanuka kugeza ku myaka 5-6. Kugeza ubu, urumuri rwinshi cyane AlGaInP LED itukura, orange, n'umuhondo LEDs zakozwe mu nganda kandi zihenze cyane. Niba modul zigizwe numucyo utukura cyane-LED zikoreshwa mugusimbuza imitwe yumutuku wumutuku utukura, ingaruka kumutekano ziterwa no kunanirwa gutunguranye kwamatara atukura arashobora kugabanuka. Ubusanzwe LED yerekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda bigizwe nibice byinshi byamatara ya LED. Dufashe urugero rwa santimetero 12 z'umutuku LED yerekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda, mumaseti 3-9 yamatara ya LED ahujwe, umubare wamatara ya LED muri buri seti ni 70-75 (yose hamwe ni 210-675 amatara ya LED). Iyo itara rimwe rya LED ryananiwe, bizagira ingaruka kumurongo umwe wibimenyetso, kandi ibisigaye bizagabanuka kugera kuri 2/3 (67%) cyangwa 8/9 (89%) byumwimerere, bitabaye ngombwa ko umutwe wibimenyetso byose unanirwa. nk'amatara yaka.
Ikibazo nyamukuru hamwe na LED yerekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda ni uko ibiciro byo gukora bikiri hejuru. Dufashe urugero rwa santimetero 12 TS AlGaAs moderi yerekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda LED itukura, yakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri 1994 ku giciro cyamadorari 350. Kugeza 1996, 12 cm ya AlGaInP LED yerekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda hamwe nibikorwa byiza byari bifite amadorari 200.
Biteganijwe ko mugihe cya vuba, igiciro cya InGaN ubururu-icyatsi LED cyerekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda bizagereranywa na AlGaInP. Nubwo ibiciro byumutwe wibimenyetso byumuhanda ari bike, bakoresha amashanyarazi menshi. Amashanyarazi akoreshwa na santimetero 12 z'umurambararo w'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda ni 150W, naho gukoresha itara ryo kuburira ibinyabiziga byambukiranya umuhanda n'umuhanda ni 67W. Dukurikije imibare, imikoreshereze y’amashanyarazi ya buri mwaka y’amatara yerekana ibimenyetso kuri buri masangano ni 18133KWh, ahwanye n’amafaranga y’amashanyarazi angana na $ 1450; Nyamara, moderi yerekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda LED ikoresha ingufu nyinshi, hamwe na buri cyerekezo 8-12 cyumutuku LED yerekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda ukoresha 15W na 20W byamashanyarazi. Ibyapa bya LED ku masangano birashobora kwerekanwa hamwe nu mwambi uhinduranya, hamwe nimbaraga zikoresha 9W gusa. Ukurikije imibare, buri sangano rishobora kuzigama amashanyarazi 9916KWh ku mwaka, bihwanye no kuzigama amadolari 793 y’amashanyarazi ku mwaka. Ukurikije igiciro mpuzandengo cyamadorari 200 kuri moderi yerekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda LED, module yumutuku wumuhanda LED irashobora kugarura igiciro cyayo nyuma yimyaka 3 ukoresheje amashanyarazi yazigamye gusa, hanyuma ugatangira kubona inyungu zubukungu zikomeza. Kubwibyo, kuri ubu ukoresha amakuru yumuhanda AlGaInLED, nubwo ikiguzi gishobora gusa naho kiri hejuru, kiracyakoreshwa neza mugihe kirekire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-25-2024